Annual Ortho Summit

Arthritis is defined as the inflammation caused by the joints which leads to pain and stiffness of the bones and muscles. This situation gets worst with the growth in the age.  It lasts for long years and can’t be cured and but medical treatment helps to reduce pain and swelling. The symptoms which are involved are pain, swelling, reduced range of motion and stiffness. Arthritis effect is mostly seen in the people with the age of 40-60 years. More than 50 million adults and 300,000 children have the symptoms of the arthritis. The different types of arthritis are as follows:

• Degenerative Arthritis
• Inflammatory Arthritis
• Infectious Arthritis
• Diagnosing Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Juvenile Arthritis
• Psoriatic Arthritis 

These Orthopedic Medical devices are extremely successful in restoring the mobility, reducing pain and also improving the quality of life for millions of individuals every year. These are mainly used to replace a missing joint or to support a damaged bone.  In 2002 the sale of orthopaedic devices are nearly $14 billion. In this nearly $12 billion are kept on Joint replacement. Some of the lists of orthopedic devices which are used frequently are

• Cervical Plates
• Lumbar Plates
• Facet Screws
• Pedicel Screw Systems
• Bone Screws
• Hip Stems
• System Implants
• Wrist Plates etc.

Orthopedic Medical devices also faced so many challenges like infection risk, manufacturing flaws etc. but the overall growth was very systematic. So many companies like Johnson and Johnson, Stryker, Zimmer, Biomet etc. are offering a wide range of Orthopedic Devices.  

This subject mainly deals with the diagnosis, care and treatment of the patients with the disorders of the musculoskeletal system of foot and ankle. This includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves skin etc. It is also called as podiatry. Now a days foot problems have become common everywhere. These foot problems are generated mainly due to anatomic disorders or systemic disorders. The foot and ankle are the most frequently injured part in our body. According to the recent survey done by Walter Reed Medical center, more than 20000 ankle sprains occur each day in United States. The main symptoms of this Foot and Ankle disorders are

• Sprains(injury to ligaments)
• Fractures
• Tendonitis(inflammation of the tendons)
• Arthritis (chronic inflammation of joints) etc.

Mainly people who are suffering from Diabetes should be very careful about these deformities. They should check their own feet once a day.

Highlights of this session include fractures and tendonitis, Tarsal tunnel syndrome Freiberg disease, Onychomycosis, Toe injuries and Disorders, Burning feet syndrome, Sprains and strains

A number of new technologies and new surgical techniques are used in the present treatment of orthopedics. In 2007 alone about 600,000 knee replacement operations are performed in USA. This number tends to increase every year by 1.5 million by 2020. In this knee replacement as the current technique used is appreciable, but the use of Computer based technology will further improve surgeries that have been optimised using manual tools. This newer techniques will improve the patient experience by increasing the durability of joint implants and fastening the recovery time from less invasive surgeries. The different types of computer assisted surgeries that are conducted are as follows.

• Volumetric Imaging
• Fluoroscopic Techniques
• Kinematic Assessment etc.

• Nerve ablation is a new technique used as an option to low back pain. The system is proven to be safe and effective in clinical trials. It is much invasive than the normal procedures that we are using now a days.
• Another recent trend in the Orthopedic Surgery is the Touch Surgery. It allows surgeon to practice surgery in a virtual operation room on a virtual patient, with the aim of improving access to high quality surgical care globally. Etc.

Many Diagnosis tests are available for the detection of the kind of musculoskeletal injury that was happened. The Orthopedic surgeons plan the appropriate treatment on the basis of the results obtained from the diagnosis techniques. There are many diagnosis techniques available for the treatment of the injury happened the commonly used techniques are as follows:

• Blood test
• Bone Scan
• CT Scan
• MRI Scanning
• X-ray etc.

Some the advanced types of diagnosis techniques that are used now a day are:

• Arthrography: Uses a contrast dye to examine a joint using X-ray
• Bone Densitometry Test: Measures Mineral Content and density to evaluate the bone strength.
• Electromyogram: Measures muscle and nerve function
• Discography: Used for the examination of the Discs which separate the bones of the spine are in good condition or not
• Venography: Used to detect the blood clot in deep veins etc. 

This is the field of medicine mainly deals with the injuries of the bones and the muscles or any other injuries to the muscular system in athletes including their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This includes the peak performance of the athletes. This filed now a days include many other disciplines such as athletic training, biomechanics, exercise physiology and nutrition. Exercise science deals with the study of movement and associated functional responses and adaptions. Some the main injuries that the athletes are facing are as follows:

• Concussion
•  Muscle Cramps
•  Ankle Sprain
• Muscle Sprain
• Shin Sprain etc. 

Pediatric Orthopaedicians should be the most experienced and well trained doctor to handle the cases of the injuries related to the bones and joints of the still growing people. This includes the new-borns to the teenagers. A child's musculoskeletal problems are different from those of an adult. Because children are still growing, the body's response to injuries, infections, and deformities may be quite different from adults. Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons diagnose, treat, and manage children's musculoskeletal problems, such as:

• Limb and spine deformities noted at birth or later in life
• Gait abnormalities
• Broken bones
• Bone or joint infections and tumours

Bones help to move, give you shape and support your body. They are the living tissues that rebuild throughout your life. During childhood and teens our body adds new bones faster that it removes the old bone. And at the age of 20 the capacity to grow a new bone will be slow, so it takes much time to heal an injured bone. Some of the major bone diseases are:

• Osteoporosis
• Rickets
• Osteomyelitis
• Osteo Sarcoma
• Achondroplasia
• Osteomalasia
• Hip Fracture
•  Osteoma
• Callus etc.

It is the most chronic disease of the joints which occurs due to the breakdown of the cartilage or the cushion between the joints leading to pain, swelling etc. Some of the reasons for the effecting of the Osteoarthritis are age, weight, genes, injuries etc. There is no cure for the osteoarthritis completely but following some measures can prevent the symptoms and effect of it. The measures are

• Life Style
• Medication
• Supportive therapies
• Exercise
• Losing weight

And in the worst condition the doctors will choose the option for the Surgery. Some of the major types of surgeries carried out are Arthoplasty, Arthrodesis, Osteotomy etc.