4th International Conference on
Orthopedics

Major factors affecting the growth, remodeling, and repair of musculoskeletal tissues include stresses and strains. When it comes to Orthopedic injuries, illnesses, and treatments, biomechanics is crucial. The musculoskeletal system's shape and purpose are primarily mechanical in nature; they support and defend the rest of the body while facilitating movement and locomotion.

Surgery is not always necessary to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Orthopedic surgeons may suggest medication, physical activity, rehabilitation, or other therapies as a part of a treatment plan. The doctor might recommend surgery if nonsurgical treatment fails.

• Track 2-1  Bone and Joint Surgery
• Track 2-2  Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery
• Track 2-3  ACL Reconstruction Surgery
• Track 2-4  Spine surgery
• Track 2-5  Limb reconstruction surgery
• Track 2-6  Orthopedics Medical Devices
• Track 2-7  Orthopedics: Diagnostic Techniques

The musculoskeletal network, which is interconnected and under the nervous system's control, gives the human body its gross mechanical capabilities. Stability, free movement, and injury resistance are made possible by the way the musculoskeletal system is interconnected.

This dichotomy applies to the musculoskeletal system of humans as well. While the majority of medical practice focuses on the hand, foot, or ankle, clinicians are aware that injuries to just one component of the musculoskeletal system inevitably affect the functioning of other (even distant) components.

• Track 3-1  Movements
• Track 3-2  Blood circulation
• Track 3-3  Collagen
• Track 3-4  Fibers
• Track 3-5  Ligaments

A specialty of medicine called pediatric orthopedics focuses on treating children's bones, muscles, and joints. A pediatric orthopedist is a medical professional who focuses on treating those areas in children of all ages, from newborns to teenagers.

When necessary, pediatric orthopedists—also known as pediatric orthopedic surgeons—can perform surgery, but they also offer other forms of care, such as casts or limb braces.

• Track 4-1  Scoliosis
• Track 4-2  Bone and joint infections
• Track 4-3  Clubfoot
• Track 4-4  Sports injuries
• Track 4-5  Spinal issues
• Track 4-6  Ankle or foot surgeries
• Track 4-7  Limb deformities
• Track 4-8  Biodegradable materials

Millions of people around the world suffer from inflammatory and degenerative bone and joint conditions. Surgery is frequently necessary for these diseases, including total joint replacement when the natural joint has degenerated. The use of permanent, temporary, or biodegradable devices is also necessary to treat a number of bone fractures, low back pain, osteoporosis, scoliosis, and other musculoskeletal issues.

In order to perform specific biological functions by replacing or repairing different tissues like bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, or even by providing guidance for bone repair, when necessary, Therefore, orthopedic biomaterials are designed to be inserted into the body as parts of apparatus.

• Track 5-1  Tissue engineering
• Track 5-2  Bioactive Materials
• Track 5-3  Bioinert materials
• Track 5-4  Ceramic materials
• Track 5-5  Polymers

Rheumatology is a field of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that share an inflammatory component in their bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs.

Rheumatic diseases, which include many types of arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome, are a group of more than 100 complex diseases that fall under the umbrella of rheumatology. Rheumatologists are medical professionals who have completed formal training in the field of rheumatology.

Rheumatology and immunology, the medical field that studies the immune system, have a lot in common given that many of these illnesses are now understood to be immune system disorders.

• Track 6-1  Rheumatoid arthritis
• Track 6-2  Spondyloarthropathies
• Track 6-3  Ankylosing spondylitis
• Track 6-4  Psoriatic Arthropathy
• Track 6-5  Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
• Track 6-6  Gout

The most prevalent type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA). additionally referred to as degenerative joint disease or "wear and tear" arthritis.

In Osteoarthritis, a joint's cartilage starts to degrade and the underlying bone starts to change. These alterations typically take time to manifest and worsen. Osteoarthritis may result in discomfort, stiffness, and swelling. Some people lose the ability to perform daily tasks or work because of it, which can also result in reduced function and disability.

• Track 7-1  Osteotomy
• Track 7-2  Joint replacement
• Track 7-3  Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Track 7-4  Psoriatic Arthritis
• Track 7-5  Acute inflammatory Arthritis
• Track 7-6  Inflammatory Arthritis
• Track 7-7  Osteophytes
• Track 7-8  Subchondral sclerosis

A physical injury that occurs suddenly and to a certain extent is referred to as traumatic. These kinds of injuries typically require immediate medical attention and may be treated in A&E at first, with a referral to a specific specialist later if ongoing care or rehabilitation are required. Major trauma has the potential to be fatal or extremely severe, resulting in disability. In the UK, trauma is the leading cause of death for adults under 40.

A variety of external forces that have an impact on the body can result in trauma. Road traffic accidents, falls, violence, sports injuries, and penetration are some of the most frequent causes of traumatic injury.

When there has been a major trauma, the patient will typically be transported to a trauma center, where multidisciplinary teams made up of anaesthetists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and emergency physicians work to treat the injuries as soon as possible. Surgery might be performed right away to lessen the chance of disability or death.

• Track 8-1  Traumatic brain injury
• Track 8-2  Physical Trauma
• Track 8-3  Traumatic fracture Dislocations
• Track 8-4  Epiphysial Injuries
• Track 8-5  Traumatic Shock

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty or a total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure to repair an arthritis-damaged knee. The kneecap and the caps on the ends of the bones that make up the knee joint are made of metal and plastic. If you have severe knee injuries or arthritis, this surgery might be an option for you.

Knee replacement surgery is used to treat pain and disability in the knee. Osteoarthritis is the most frequent condition that necessitates knee replacement surgery.

• Track 9-1  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
• Track 9-2  Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
• Track 9-3  Knee and hip flexion/extension
• Track 9-4  Osteoarthritis
• Track 9-5  Rheumatoid arthritis
• Track 9-6  Post-traumatic arthritis
• Track 9-7  Surgical Techniques for Knee Replacement
• Track 9-8  Inflammatory Arthritis
• Track 9-9  Fracture Repair

Orthopedic surgeons use an operation called an arthroscopy to see inside a joint and treat issues there. An orthopedic surgeon performs arthroscopic surgery by making a tiny incision in the patient's skin and inserting pencil-sized instruments that have a small lens and lighting system to magnify and illuminate the structures inside the joint. To reach the end of the arthroscope that is inserted into the joint, light is sent through fiber optics.

Even though arthroscopic surgery has a much faster recovery time than open surgery, it still needs to be performed in a hospital operating room or outpatient surgical suite with the appropriate anaesthetics and equipment. Depending on the joint or suspected issue, either a general, spinal, or local anaesthetics will be administered to you.

• Track 10-1  Knee Preservation Arthroscopy
• Track 10-2  Shoulder Surgery
• Track 10-3  Minimally invasive surgery
• Track 10-4  Shoulder replacement surgery
• Track 10-5  Rotator cuff surgery
• Track 10-6  Arthroscopic knee surgery
• Track 10-7  Hip arthroscopy

Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement, is a surgical procedure used to treat hip pain. Artificial implants are used during the operation to replace some of the hip joint. The ball and socket that make up the hip joint are located at the top of the femur, also known as the thigh bone (in the pelvis, also known as the hip bone). One or both parts of the hip can be replaced during surgery to replace it. Your ability to resume daily activities and engage in physical activity with less pain is the procedure's main objective.

• Track 11-1  Hip Prosthesis
• Track 11-2  Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement
• Track 11-3  Osteonecrosis
• Track 11-4  Total hip replacement
• Track 11-5  Hip Preservation Surgery
• Track 11-6  Hip Resurfacing
• Track 11-7  Partial hip replacement

A musculoskeletal joint's articular surface may be replaced, remodeled, or realigned during an orthopedic surgical procedure known as an arthroplasty. It is an elective procedure used to treat pain and bring back the joint's functionality after damage from trauma or arthritis.

Any joint in your body can be replaced by a surgeon, but the hip replacement and knee replacement are the two most popular arthroplasty procedures.

• Track 12-1  Shoulder Arthroplasty
• Track 12-2  Hemiarthroplasty
• Track 12-3  Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA)
• Track 12-4  Shoulder replacement surgery
• Track 12-5  Knee cap replacement
• Track 12-6  Ceramic hip replacement

Spine surgery has traditionally been performed as "open surgery." In order for the surgeon to view and access the anatomy, the area being operated on is opened with a lengthy incision. But in recent years, technological developments have made it possible to treat more neck and back conditions with minimally invasive surgical methods.

Minimally invasive spine surgery is also known as less invasive spine surgery. In these procedures, doctors access the spine through tiny incisions using specialized instruments.

• Track 13-1  Lumbar Discectomy
• Track 13-2  Herniated Disc Surgery
• Track 13-3  Spinal Fusion Surgery
• Track 13-4  Spinal deformity
• Track 13-5  Spinal fractures

Orthomolecular medicine is a branch of complementary medicine that uses dietary supplements to keep people healthy. The theory assumes that the body has an ideal nutritional environment and contends that illnesses are caused by deficiencies in this environment. disease treatment,

The goal of disease treatment is to use nutrients like vitamins and minerals within others to try and balance out any imbalances or deficiencies based on a person's unique biochemistry. The theory is based on the notion that the body functions best in an ideal nutritional environment and that diseases are caused by deficiencies in this environment.

• Track 14-1  Integrative Oncology
• Track 14-2  Micronutrients
• Track 14-3  Food faddism
• Track 14-4  Biomedical deficiency
• Track 14-5  Orthomolecular therapy
• Track 14-6  Mega vitamin therapy
• Track 14-7  Metabolism

The primary focus of orthopedic physical therapy is orthopedics and the conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system, which is made up of joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons. It helps patients recover from orthopedic surgery and diagnoses, treats, and cures disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Injuries to the bones, joints, ligaments, or muscles are often accompanied by severe pain that makes it difficult to move around and interferes with daily task functions. A qualified, experienced orthopedic physiotherapist will create a treatment plan specifically for you that includes exercises you can do at home to help improve your strength and range of motion and put you on the road to a full recovery.

• Track 15-1  Cardiovascular Physiotherapy
• Track 15-2  Pulmonary physiotherapy
• Track 15-3  Community Physiotherapy
• Track 15-4  Neuro Physiotherapy

The diagnosis and treatment of malignant disorders of the musculoskeletal system is the focus of orthopedic oncology. Orthopedic oncologists carry out a range of operations to remove tumors, repair broken bones if necessary, and assist patients in regaining mobility or getting rid of symptoms.

Sarcoma and bone cancer may require a combination of therapies. Targeted procedures may be used by an orthopedic oncologist to remove tumors or rebuild bone. Additionally intended to aid in pain management, function improvement, and limb mobility restoration, these treatments and therapies.

• Track 16-1  Amputation
• Track 16-2  Spinal Cord Tumour
• Track 16-3  Chondrosarcoma and Adamantinoma
• Track 16-4  Aneurysmal Bone Cysts
• Track 16-5  Chordomas
• Track 16-6  Osteosarcoma
• Track 16-7  Fibrous Dysplasia
• Track 16-8  Osteonecrosis

Post-operative orthopedic care essentially refers to the evaluation of the outcome, diagnosis, and assessment. The extent of the required postoperative care depends on the patient's health prior to the procedure or the type of surgery done.

In general, the term "orthopedic surgery" refers to a subspecialty of surgery that deals with skeletal and muscular conditions. In the case of orthopedic surgery, the main objectives of postoperative care are to help the patient recover from the procedure, to help the surgical wound heal, and to prevent further complications like infection.

• Track 17-1  Wound dressing
• Track 17-2  Medication
• Track 17-3  Mobility
• Track 17-4  Pain Medication
• Track 17-5  Post-Surgery Exercises

Sports medicine is a subspecialty of medicine that addresses physical fitness as well as the diagnosis, mitigation, and prevention of sports- and exercise-related injuries.

Most nations that recognize and practice sports medicine classify it as a physician (non-surgical) specialty, but some (like the USA) also classify it as a surgical or non-surgical medical specialty as well as a specialty area within primary care.

• Track 18-1  Exercise medicine
• Track 18-2  Sports cardiology
• Track 18-3  Emergency medicine
• Track 18-4  Physical medicine and rehabilitation
• Track 18-5  Occupational medicine

Significant alterations in a number of medical specialties have been brought on by the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). By focusing on the quantity of clinical visits, surgeries, and consultation reasons, we sought to provide a systematic review of the published literature on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on orthopedic and traumatological care.